The elbow is the joint connecting the upper arm to the forearm. It is classed as a hinge-type synovial joint. The orientation of the bones forming the elbow joint produces a hinge type synovial joint, which allows for extension and flexion of the forearm.

The elbow is a complex joint designed to withstand a wide range of dynamic exertional forces. The location and quality of elbow pain can generally localize the injury to one of the four anatomic regions: anterior, medial, lateral, or posterior.

Determining the underlying etiology of elbow pain can be difficult because of the complex anatomy of this joint and the broad differential diagnosis. As with other musculoskeletal problems, the keys to diagnosing elbow pain are a history to include mechanism of injury or exacerbating movements, and a focused physical examination. The patient’s occupation and recreational activities can be important clues to diagnosis.